Factores determinantes de la relación entre la localización de las empresas, la dinámica del transporte público tipo BRT y el desarrollo urbano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24201/edu.v37i3.2048Palabras clave:
accesibilidad, Bogotá, decisiones de ubicación geográfica de empresas, economías de aglomeración, sistemas de transporte público masivo tipo BRT.Resumen
La literatura asociada con la nueva geografía urbana y con la teoría de las economías de aglomeración intenta explorar y explicar la relación del desarrollo económico y urbano de las ciudades con sus habitantes y con las organizaciones como actores esenciales de esta interacción.
En ese sentido, y como resultado del objetivo central, se presentan los hallazgos de la revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre la problemática que surge de las dinámicas de interacción entre los sistemas de transporte BRT, el territorio y las decisiones de ubicación geográfica de las empresas. De esta manera se propone un aporte específico a la reflexión actual sobre la relación entre el transporte público masivo, el espacio urbano y el papel de los fundamentos de esta teoría.
Esta revisión permitió analizar dicha relación desde sus dimensiones económicas, espaciales, sociales y urbanas, abordando las principales propuestas teóricas y empíricas disponibles en planteamientos recientes de la literatura. En la segunda sección del artículo se presenta una síntesis de los resultados de la revisión actualizada y exhaustiva de la bibliografía empírica, que parte de la obra de Lampón Caride (2011), para proponer un marco de análisis de los factores determinantes sobre la relación entre la localización de las empresas, la dinámica del transporte y el desarrollo urbano. En la sección final se presenta un análisis de la problemática y la interacción entre el transporte público BRT, el territorio y la economía urbana, analizados bajo la óptica del desarrollo orientado al transporte (DOT), ejemplificado en los sistemas de Curitiba en Brasil, Bogotá en Colombia, Ciudad de México y Santiago en Chile.
Como aporte principal se propone la existencia de una relación entre el territorio y la localización de las empresas que, a su vez, se ve influenciada por la dinámica del transporte público, la movilidad, el desarrollo urbano, y por la evolución económica de las ciudades, detallada a partir de sus dimensiones económicas, espaciales, sociales y urbanas.
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